Chemical bonding is a fundamental concept in Chemistry education. Chemical bonds are not a stand-alone entity, but chemical bonding describes the phenomenon of atoms sticking together, which is incorrect. There are a lot of reasons for student misconceptions of the theories behind chemical bonding.
Tsaparlis, G., Pappa, E. T., & Byers, B. (2018). Teaching and learning chemical bonding: research-based evidence for misconceptions and conceptual difficulties experienced by students in upper secondary schools and the effect of an enriched text. Chemistry Education research and practice, 19(4), 1253-1269.
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